Waveguide For Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording

ABSTRACT

An apparatus includes a slider mounted on an arm, a first waveguide including a first core guiding layer, a second waveguide mounted on the slider and including a second core guiding layer having a uniform thickness smaller than the thickness of the first core guiding layer, and a coupler for coupling light from the first core guiding layer to the second core guiding layer, wherein the coupler comprises a curved mirror formed in the second waveguide and positioned to reflect light from the first core guiding layer into the second core guiding layer.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 12/031,045, filed Feb. 14, 2008, and titled “Waveguide For HeatAssisted Magnetic Recording”, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

Heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) requires that a thermal sourcebe brought into close proximity to a magnetic writer. HAMR designsutilize an intense near field optical source to elevate the temperatureof the storage media. When applying a heat or light source to themedium, it is desirable to confine the heat or light to the track wherewriting is taking place and to generate the write field in closeproximity to where the medium is heated to accomplish high areal densityrecording.

In addition, for heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) one of thetechnological hurdles to overcome is to provide an efficient techniquefor delivering large amounts of light power to the recording mediumconfined to spots of, for example, 50 nm or less. A variety oftransducer designs have been proposed for this purpose.

SUMMARY

In a first aspect, the disclosure provides an apparatus including aslider mounted on an arm, a first waveguide including a first coreguiding layer, a second waveguide mounted on the slider and including asecond core guiding layer having a uniform thickness smaller than thethickness of the first core guiding layer, and a coupler for couplinglight from the first core guiding layer to the second core guidinglayer, wherein the coupler comprises a curved mirror formed in thesecond waveguide and positioned to reflect light from the first coreguiding layer into the second core guiding layer.

These and various other features and advantages will be apparent from areading of the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of a data storage device in theform of a disc drive that can include a waveguide and slider constructedin accordance with an aspect of this disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an apparatus constructed inaccordance with an aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of an apparatus constructed inaccordance with another aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of an apparatus constructed inaccordance with another aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of the apparatus of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a schematic end view of the apparatus of FIG. 4.

FIGS. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are schematic side views of a waveguide that can beused in apparatus constructed in accordance with various aspects of thedisclosure.

FIG. 11 is a schematic side view of an apparatus constructed inaccordance with another aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 12 is a schematic side view of an apparatus constructed inaccordance with another aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a schematic side view of an apparatus constructed inaccordance with another aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 14 is a schematic side view of an apparatus constructed inaccordance with another aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 15 is a schematic side view of an apparatus constructed inaccordance with another aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 16 is a schematic end view of the apparatus of FIG. 15.

FIG. 17 is a schematic representation of an apparatus constructed inaccordance with another aspect of the disclosure.

FIG. 18 is a schematic side view of an apparatus constructed inaccordance with another aspect of the disclosure.

FIGS. 19-21 are schematic representations of apparatus constructed inaccordance with various aspects of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In one aspect, this disclosure relates to optical devices, and moreparticularly to optical devices that can be used in recording heads usedin data storage devices. In another aspect, the disclosure encompassesdevices that can be used in heat assisted magnetic recording or opticalrecording, as well as disc drives that include the devices.

In various aspects, this disclosure provides an apparatus including anoptical waveguide for light delivery to a data storage medium withoutthe need for active alignment of the optical components. Such anapparatus can be used in heat assisted magnetic recording or opticalrecording devices.

FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of a data storage device in theform of a disc drive 10 that can utilize recording heads constructed inaccordance with this disclosure. The disc drive includes a housing 12(with the upper portion removed and the lower portion visible in thisview) sized and configured to contain the various components of the discdrive. The disc drive includes a spindle motor 14 for rotating at leastone data storage medium 16 within the housing, in this case a magneticdisc. At least one arm 18 is contained within the housing 12, with eacharm 18 having a first end 20 with a recording and/or reading head orslider 22, and a second end 24 pivotally mounted on a shaft by a bearing26. An actuator motor 28 is located at the arm's second end 24, forpivoting the aim 18 to position the head 22 over a desired sector of thedisc 16. The actuator motor 28 is regulated by a controller that is notshown in this view and is well-known in the art.

For heat assisted magnetic recording, electromagnetic radiation is usedto heat a portion of a surface of a magnetic storage medium. Thisfacilitates the subsequent recording of magnetic information in theheated portion of the medium. Heat assisted magnetic recording headsinclude a component for directing electromagnetic radiation onto thesurface of the storage medium, and an associated component for producinga magnetic signal for affecting the magnetization of the storage medium.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of an actuator arm 30, a laser module 32 and aslider 34. A flexible first waveguide 36 is used to conductelectromagnetic radiation from the laser module to the slider, where itis coupled into a second waveguide on the slider and directed onto anadjacent data storage medium.

The electromagnetic radiation can be in the form of infrared, visiblelight or ultraviolet radiation. For the purposes of this description,such electromagnetic radiation is generically referred to as light.

FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of an apparatus constructed inaccordance with another aspect of the disclosure. In this example, theslider 34 is coupled to a portion of the arm 30 by an adhesive 35. Aportion of the flexible waveguide 36 includes a first core guiding layer44 and is positioned on or in the slider. A second waveguide 38 ismounted on or in the slider. The second waveguide includes a second coreguiding layer 40 and a cladding layer 42. A coupling structure isprovided to transfer light from the first core guiding layer to thesecond core guiding layer. In this example, the coupling structureincludes a mirror 46 formed on an end of the first core guiding layerand a grating 48 formed adjacent to or in the second core guiding layer.Light 45 is reflected by the mirror onto the grating. The thickness ofthe first core guiding layer is larger than the thickness of the secondcore guiding layer. The mirror can be positioned and shaped to focus ordefocus the light to improve coupling of the light into the secondwaveguide. The light that is coupled into the second waveguide exits anend 47 of the second waveguide to heat a portion of an adjacent storagemedium 49. The slider can include other components including magneticwrite and read components as are known in the art. FIG. 4 is a sideview, FIG. 5 is a top view, and FIG. 6 is an end view, of a slider 50according to another aspect of the disclosure. The slider includes atrailing waveguide 52 having a core guiding layer 54 and first andsecond cladding layers 56 and 58. A portion of a flexible waveguide 60is positioned adjacent to a surface 62 of the slider. The flexiblewaveguide includes a core guiding layer 64 and first and second claddinglayers 66 and 68. A turning mirror 70 is positioned adjacent to an endof the core layer of the trailing waveguide and reflects light from theflexible waveguide into the trailing waveguide. In this example the corelayer of the trailing waveguide includes a first section 72, a secondsection 74, and a third section 76. The first section is thicker thanthe third section. The first and third sections are connected by thesecond section, which is tapered. Lines 77, 79 and 81 represent thepropagation mode of the light in the guiding layers. The guiding layer64 of the flexible waveguide is thicker than the third section 76 of theguide layer of the trailing waveguide.

It is desirable to match the propagation mode in the trailing waveguideto the propagation mode in the flexible waveguide. Mode matching can beachieved using a tapered slider waveguide. Tapering the waveguideconverts the light from one mode to another mode. The mode in theflexible waveguide and thick portion of the waveguide on the slider, maynot match exactly, but they will match better than if the flexiblewaveguide passes light directly to a thin waveguide. The tapered sectionwill convert the mode from the thick portion mode to the thin portionmode. In the example of FIG. 4, the tapered section 74 of the guidinglayer of the trailing waveguide performs the desired mode conversionbetween the first and third section of the guiding layer of the trailingwaveguide.

As shown in FIG. 6, the third section of the core layer of the trailingwaveguide can include curved edges 78 and 80, which can be in the shapeof a parabola. The edges of the core reflect light to a focal region 82.An end 84 of the flexible waveguide is positioned to project light intosection 72 of the guiding layer of the trailing waveguide. Lines 83, 85and 87 illustrate the propagation of light in the trailing waveguide.The trailing waveguide is mounted to direct light in a direction that issubstantially perpendicular to the direction of light propagation nearthe end of the flexible waveguide. The trailing waveguide can form asolid immersion mirror (SIM). In one example, an antireflective coating88 can be provided near the end 84 of waveguide 60.

The flexible waveguide can be constructed of materials such that thedifference between the index of refraction of the core and cladding issmall compared to the waveguide on the back of the slider. With thissmaller difference, the core of the flexible waveguide needs to bethicker in order to still guide the light. In one example, section 72can have a thickness similar to the flexible waveguide. For example, thethickness could be in a range from about 1 gm to about 10 μm. In otherexamples, it could be thicker/wider, while still providing “single mode”transmission, i.e., there is only one electric field distribution thatcan propagate in the waveguide.

As stated above, the flexible waveguide may be about 1 to about 10 μmwide, and the portion labeled 76 in FIG. 6 can have a width of, forexample, 50 μm, so it may be desirable to let the light diverge somefirst. However, this may not necessarily be the case. Also, whilesections 72, 74, and 76 in FIG. 4 may correspond to sections 72, 74 and76 in FIG. 6, in other examples, these items may be different in FIGS. 4and 6. For example, the waveguide could be tapered down in one directionfirst, and then expanded in the other direction. For example, thefunctions of sections 72 and 74 in FIG. 4 could take place in section 72of FIG. 6.

The core guiding layers of the flexible waveguide can be, for example,polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, polycarbonate, or silicone polymerssuch as polysiloxanes or siloxanes. The core guiding layers of thewaveguide on the slider can be, for example, SiO₂, SiON, MgF, Ta₂O₅,TiO₂, SiN, HfO₂, ZrO₂, AlN or Al₂O₃.

The cladding layers of the waveguides can be, for example,polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, polycarbonate, or silicone polymerssuch as polysiloxanes or siloxanes.

The mirror can be an etched or mounted device having a highreflectivity, such as vacuum deposited Au, Cu, Ni, Rh, Cr, Ag or Al. Themirror can be coated with a low index dielectric enhancement such asAl₂O₃, MgF, SiO₂ or Ta₂O₅ to boost reflectivity.

FIGS. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are side views of portions of waveguides that canbe used in other aspects of the disclosure. In FIG. 7, a waveguide 90 ismounted on a substrate 92, and includes a core layer 94 positionedbetween two cladding layers 96 and 98. FIG. 8 shows a waveguide 100mounted on a substrate 102, and including a core layer 104 positionedbetween two cladding layers 106 and 108. The core layer 104 and topcladding layer 308 terminate in a curved surface 110. The curved surfacecan form a mirror that is formed in the waveguide. The curved surfacecan be shaped to focus or defocus the light that is reflected into thecore guiding layer of the waveguide. An etching process can be used toform the curved surface. The angle of the etch can be varied to producethe desired curvature.

FIG. 9 shows a waveguide 120 mounted on a substrate 122, and including acore layer 124 positioned between two cladding layers 126 and 128. Thecore layer 124 terminates in a curved surface 130. A filler material 132can be located adjacent to the curved surface 130 to form a lens. Inthis example, the filler material has a flat side 134. The fillermaterial can be selected from a wide range of materials, such as apolymer, metal oxide dielectric, metal, semiconductor, etc. FIG. 9 showsthat the minor or lens can be formed in one of the waveguides. The shapeof the minor can be chosen to focus or defocus the light to optimizecoupling of the light from the flexible waveguide to the trailingwaveguide. The mirror can be used to direct light onto an end of a coreguiding layer or onto a grating to couple the light into the coreguiding layer.

FIG. 10 shows a flexible waveguide 140 mounted on a substrate 142, andincluding a core layer 144 positioned between two cladding layers 146and 148. The core layer 144 terminates in a curved surface 150. A planarmirror 152 is located adjacent to the curved surface 150 and forms acavity 154 between the curved surface 150 and the mirror 152.

FIG. 11 is a side view of a slider 160 according to another aspect ofthe disclosure. The slider includes a trailing waveguide 162 having acore guiding layer 164 and first and second cladding layers 166 and 168.A flexible waveguide 170 is positioned adjacent to a surface 172 of theslider. The flexible waveguide includes a core guiding layer 174 andfirst and second cladding layers 176 and 178. A turning mirror 180reflects light from the flexible waveguide into the trailing waveguide.In this example, the turning mirror includes a curved surface 182 toimprove coupling of the light into the trailing waveguide. A fillermaterial 184 is positioned between the mirror and the curved surface. Anend 186 of the flexible waveguide is positioned adjacent to the guidinglayer of the trailing waveguide. The trailing waveguide is mounted todirect light in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to thedirection of light propagation near the end of the flexible waveguide.An antireflection coating 188 could be positioned adjacent to the end186 of the flexible waveguide.

As shown in FIG. 12, the tapered core could also be used in conjunctionwith other coupling or turning methods, such as a bulk mirror and/orlens to turn the light from the flexible waveguide and focus it into awide portion of the slider trailing waveguide, which is then tapereddown.

FIG. 12 is a side view of a slider 190 according to another aspect ofthe disclosure. The slider includes a trailing waveguide 192 having acore guiding layer 194 and first and second cladding layers 196 and 198.A flexible waveguide 200 is positioned adjacent to a surface 202 of theslider. The flexible waveguide includes a core guiding layer 204 andfirst and second cladding layers 206 and 208. In this example the corelayer 196 of the trailing waveguide includes a first portion 210, asecond section 212, and a third section 214. The first section isthicker than the third section. The first and third sections areconnected by the second section, which is tapered. Light is transmittedfrom the flexible waveguide core guiding layer to a turning mirror 216and reflected to an end 222 of the core guiding layer of the trailingwaveguide. A lens 218 is provided to focus the light onto the mirror.The edges of the second core guiding layer can be shaped to reflectlight to a focal region 220, similar to the edges of the core guidinglayer in FIG. 6.

FIG. 13 is a side view of a slider 240 according to another aspect ofthe disclosure. The slider includes a trailing waveguide 242 having afirst core guiding layer 244 and first and second cladding layers 246and 248. The trailing waveguide further includes a second core guidinglayer 250 positioned between cladding layer 246 and another claddinglayer 252. A portion of a flexible waveguide 254 is positioned adjacentto a surface 256 of the slider. The flexible waveguide includes a coreguiding layer 258 and first and second cladding layers 260 and 262. Anend 264 of the flexible waveguide is positioned to direct light into thesecond core guiding layer 250.

A turning mirror 266 reflects light from the flexible waveguide into aportion 268 of the second core guiding layer. The trailing waveguidefurther includes another core guiding layer 270. Portions of the coreguiding layers 250 and 270 are positioned adjacent to each other toprovide evanescent coupling of the light between the two core guidinglayers. Core guiding layer 250 is thicker than core guiding layer 270.The edges of core guiding layer 270 can be shaped to reflect light to afocal region 272. In another example, a grating 274 can be positionedbetween core guiding layers 250 and 270 to enhance coupling between thecore guiding layers.

In the example of FIG. 13, a turning mirror is used in conjunction withevanescent coupling. A grating can also be placed between the twowaveguides to decrease the coupling length. With this type of evanescentcoupler being built at the wafer level, the coupling can be closelycontrolled.

A laser module can be used to produce the light that is coupled into theflexible waveguide. FIG. 14 is a schematic representation of a laserdiode 280 with a grating coupler 282 for coupling light from the laserdiode to a flexible waveguide 284.

Each of the examples described above includes a flexible waveguide orfiber to transmit light from the light source to the slider. Theflexible waveguide can be positioned in a channel that is etched intothe top of the slider. This channel will help the alignment process. Theturning mirror can be formed on the upper side of the slider at thewafer or bar level. The turning mirror turns and couples the light fromthe flexible waveguide to the slider trailing waveguide.

In the examples of FIGS. 4 and 12, the core guiding layer of the initialor top part of the slider trailing waveguide is made thicker to allowfor better mode matching, thus better coupling, and easier alignment.The width of the slider trailing waveguide can also be wider than thewidth of the flexible waveguide to allow for a reasonable alignmenttolerance. The slider trailing waveguide core is then tapered from thethick region, on the order of μm's, to a much thinner core (e.g., about100 nm). The bottom portion of the trailing waveguide can be shaped tofaun a solid immersion mirror (SIM). Depending on the width of theflexible waveguide and the SIM size, the slider trailing waveguide mayalso need to be tapered in the plane of the slider trailing waveguide tomake it wider to fill the SIM. The SIM would then focus the light to thefocal region.

Several of the described examples provide a large tolerance for thealignment. The input slider trailing waveguide dimensions can berelatively large. The alignment can be effectively achieved in bothdirections by tapering the slider trailing waveguide from largedimensions to small dimensions. If the tapering is done graduallyenough, little to no light should be lost. Sharp bends in the flexiblewaveguide are not required to couple the light from the flexible to theslider trailing waveguide.

The coupling may be improved by matching the mode index and profilebetween the flexible waveguide and slider trailing waveguide, forexample by using similar index materials and dimensions. A matching modeprofile may be able to be engineered by using the right combination ofmaterials even if they aren't the same materials.

A convex or concave lens or mirror could also be fabricated by varyingthe angle during the sloped wall etch for the turning mirror and theneither metallizing it directly or by filling it with a dielectricmaterial of higher or lower refractive index and then metallizing it.The curvature can be controlled by adjusting the rate at which the ionmill angle is changed during the etch. A second sloped wall may beformed behind the first, where the second slope has a differentcurvature.

FIG. 15 is a side view, and FIG. 16 is an end view, of a slider 310according to another aspect of the disclosure. In this aspect, theslider includes a trailing waveguide 312 in the form of a planar solidimmersion mirror having a guiding layer 314 and cladding layers 316 and318. The guiding layer has curved edges 330 and 332, which can be in theshape of a parabola, to direct light to a focal point 320. A waveguide322, which can be mounted on an arm 324, includes a core guiding layer334 and cladding layers 336 and 338. A curved portion 326 of the coreguiding layer directs light onto a grating coupler 328 in the trailingwaveguide. The light is directed onto the coupler at an angle θ.

The grating couplers can include a plurality of parallel grooves orridges that extend in a direction substantially parallel to a plane of amagnetic medium. The optical components and relative positions of thosecomponents are chosen such that light transmitted through the opticalfiber and lens, and reflected by the minor is focused onto the grating.Both the grating and waveguide are polarization sensitive. Thepolarization of the light can be parallel to the grooves of the gratingfor transmission of the transverse electric (TE) mode in the waveguide.The beam is brought to a soft focus, of for example 60 μm diameter, tocover the grating surface with a numerical aperture of about 0.01. Inanother example, a transverse magnetic (TM) mode can be used, whereinthe light polarization projected into the plane of the grating isperpendicular to the gratings.

FIG. 17 is a schematic representation of an apparatus 340 in accordancewith another aspect of the disclosure. The apparatus includes a source342 of electromagnetic radiation such as a laser diode that produceslight 344. The light passes through a focusing element 346, such as alens or telescope, and is directed into a flexible waveguide 348. Thewaveguide can be mounted on, or embedded in, an arm, not shown in thisview. The waveguide extends to a slider 350. In this example, the sliderincludes a top waveguide 352 and a trailing waveguide 354. Light fromwaveguide 348 is coupled into the top waveguide, using for example, agrating coupler 356 or evanescent coupling. A lapped turning minor 358reflects light exiting the top waveguide, and directs the light into thetrailing waveguide.

FIG. 18 is a schematic representation of an apparatus 370 thatillustrates a structure for providing evanescent coupling between twowaveguides 372 and 374. Waveguide 372 includes a core guiding layer 376between cladding layers 378 and 380. Waveguide 374 includes a coreguiding layer 382 between cladding layers 384 and 386. Waveguide 374 issupported by a slider 388. A portion 390 of core guiding layer 376 ispositioned adjacent to a portion 392 of core guiding layer 382, suchthat light in core guiding layer 376 is evanescently coupled into coreguiding layer 382. The light then propagates in core guiding layer 382and is reflected by a minor 394 into a trailing waveguide 396.

FIG. 19 is a schematic representation of an apparatus 400 in accordancewith another aspect of the disclosure. The apparatus includes a source402 of electromagnetic radiation such as a laser diode that produceslight 404. The light source in this example is a VCSEL. The VCSEL ismounted on an arm 406, which also supports a waveguide 408. Light fromthe source passes through a polymer pillar 410. A mirror 412 reflectslight into the waveguide. The waveguide can be mounted on, or embeddedin, the arm. The waveguide extends to a slider 414. In this example, theslider includes a trailing waveguide 416. A turning mirror 418 reflectslight exiting the waveguide 408, and directs the light into the trailingwaveguide. Another polymer pillar 420 is positioned between the mirror418 and the trailing waveguide. The polymer pillars limit divergence ofthe light as it passes through the pillars. The slider is coupled to thearm by a gimbal assembly 422. The polymer pillars can be made of, forexample, polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, polycarbonate, or siliconepolymers such as polysiloxanes or siloxanes.

FIG. 20 shows a slider 470 having a trailing waveguide 472. In thisexample, the flexible waveguide 474 is shaped such that a portion 476 ofthe flexible waveguide lies adjacent to the trailing waveguide 472.Light in the flexible waveguide 474 is evanescently coupled into thetrailing waveguide. The waveguide 474 is supported by, or integral with,an aim 478.

FIG. 21 shows a slider 480 having a trailing waveguide 482. In thisexample, the trailing waveguide includes a tapered portion 484, and aflexible waveguide 486 that directs lights into an end 488 of thetrailing waveguide. The waveguide 486 is supported by, or integral with,an arm 489.

In each example illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 19-21, light can betransmitted to the slider using a flexible waveguide that is embeddedin, or supported by an arm. The waveguide can be supported by, orintegral with, an arm.

In various aspects, the disclosure provides a manufacturable andefficient method for coupling light from a laser diode and into a sliderwaveguide. One line-of-sight slider approach is to couple a laser diodeinto an optical fiber or flexible waveguide, and then couple that lightfrom the fiber or flexible waveguide into the waveguide on the slider,which is part of the HAMR head.

In one example, the core of the slider trailing waveguide can be about125 nm thick, but the core of the flexible waveguide or fiber would bemuch thicker (˜5 μm). The thicker core in the flexible waveguide is dueto the smaller difference in index of refraction (n) in the flexiblewaveguide as compared to the slider waveguide. In other examples, themode index of the mode in the flexible waveguide and slider trailingwaveguide are much different, due to both the waveguide dimensions andwaveguide materials.

It is to be understood that even though numerous characteristics andadvantages of various embodiments of the present invention have been setforth in the foregoing description, together with details of thestructure and function of various embodiments of the invention, thisdetailed description is illustrative only, and changes may be made indetail, especially in matters of structure and arrangements of partswithin the principles of the present invention to the full extentindicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which theappended claims are expressed. For example, the particular elements mayvary depending on the particular application without departing from thespirit and scope of the present invention.

1. An apparatus comprising: a slider mounted on an arm; a firstwaveguide including a first core guiding layer; a second waveguidemounted on the slider and including a second core guiding layer having auniform thickness smaller than the thickness of the first core guidinglayer; and a coupler for coupling light from the first core guidinglayer to the second core guiding layer, wherein the coupler comprises acurved mirror formed in the second waveguide and positioned to reflectlight from the first core guiding layer into the second core guidinglayer.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the curved mirror comprises:a reflective surface; a curved surface; and a filler material betweenthe reflective surface and the curved surface.
 3. The apparatus of claim1, further comprising: an antireflective coating adjacent to an end ofthe first waveguide.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a direction ofpropagation of the light in the second waveguide is substantiallyperpendicular to a direction of propagation of the light in the firstwaveguide.
 5. An apparatus comprising: a slider mounted on an arm; afirst waveguide including a first core guiding layer; a second waveguidemounted on the slider and including a second core guiding layer having auniform thickness smaller than the thickness of the first core guidinglayer; and a coupler for coupling light from the first core guidinglayer to the second core guiding layer, wherein the first core guidinglayer is curved to direct the light onto the coupler.
 6. The apparatusof claim 5, wherein the second waveguide comprises: a solid immersionmirror.
 7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the coupler comprises: aplurality of parallel grooves or ridges.
 8. The apparatus of claim 7,wherein light propagates in the first waveguide in a transverse electricmode, and the light is polarized in a direction parallel to the groovesor ridges.
 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein light propagates in thefirst waveguide in a transverse magnetic mode, and the light ispolarized in a direction perpendicular to the grooves or ridges.
 10. Anapparatus comprising: a slider mounted on an arm; a first waveguideincluding a first core guiding layer; and a second waveguide mounted onthe slider and including a second core guiding layer, wherein portionsof the first core guiding layer and the second core guiding layer arepositioned adjacent to each other such that light in the first coreguiding layer is evanescently coupled to the second core guiding layer.11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising: a third waveguidemounted on the slider; and a mirror for reflecting light from the secondwaveguide into the third waveguide.
 12. The apparatus of claim 10,further comprising: a grating coupler positioned at an interface betweenthe first and second core guiding layers.
 13. An apparatus comprising: aslider mounted on an arm; a first waveguide supported by the arm; asecond waveguide mounted on the slider; and a first polymer pillarcoupler for coupling light from the first waveguide to the secondwaveguide.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first polymerpillar coupler comprises at least one of: polymethylmethacrylate,polystyrene, polycarbonate, or a silicone polymer.
 15. The apparatus ofclaim 14, wherein the silicone polymer comprises at least one of: apolysiloxane or a siloxane.
 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein thecoupler further comprises: a minor for reflecting light from the firstwaveguide into the coupler.
 17. The apparatus of claim 13, furthercomprising: a laser; and a second polymer pillar coupler coupling lightfrom the laser to the first waveguide.
 18. The apparatus of claim 17,further comprising: a first minor for reflecting light from the firstwaveguide into the first polymer pillar coupler; and a second minor forreflecting light from the second polymer pillar coupler to the firstwaveguide.
 19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the slider is coupledto the arm by a gimbal assembly.
 20. The apparatus of claim 13, whereinthe first waveguide is flexible.